Changes of space weather and space climate at Earth orbit: An update

Space Weather Forecast Predicts Changes in Sun-Earth Space Environment by Using Observation Data

Space Weather at 75 AU

Recent outer-heliosphere observations are reviewed from a space weather point of view by comparing the nature of solar wind, solar particle, and cosmic ray variations at the Voyagers and 1 AU. While the Sun still controls the interplanetary medium at 75 AU, the nearby boundaries of the heliosphere exert a strong influence on the environment.

Integrated Frameworks for Earth and Space Weather Simulation

Simulations of Earth and space weather require the representation and coupling of distinct physical domains in a flexible, computationally efficient manner. There is increasing call to interface Earth and space models, as the interplay of phenomena between these domains is an active topic of basic research, and a key factor in operational prediction systems. Software frameworks have been develo...

The Continuum of Space Architecture: From Earth to Orbit

Space architects and engineers alike tend to see spacecraft and space habitat design as an entirely new departure, disconnected from the Earth. However, at least for Space Architecture, there is a continuum of development since the earliest formalizations of terrestrial architecture. Moving out from 1-G, Space Architecture enables the continuum from 1-G to other gravity regimes. The history of ...

Space Radiation Effects on Electronic Components in Low-earth Orbit

Space Radiation Environment, Essential Basics: Radiation in Space is generated by particles emitted from a variety of sources both within and beyond our solar system. Radiation effects from these particles can not only cause degradation, but can also cause failure of the electronic and electrical systems in space vehicles or satellites. Even high altitude commercial airliners flying polar route...